Historically, access to legal services has appeared to be an insurmountable challenge in Zambia, although the law seeks to achieve an inclusive justice system that recognises the needs of various litigants. Firstly, Article 18 of The Bill of Rights provides for every person’s right to a fair hearing, which includes the right to be represented by their chosen representative or through legal aid.
The delivery of pro bono services in Zambia has largely been driven by institutions set up for this objective, such as the Legal Aid Board, National Legal Aid Clinic for Women and NGOs that carry out public interest litigation. Additionally, commercial law firms, such as Mweshi Banda & Associates Legal Practitioners, have adopted a culture of providing pro bono commercial advisory services.
The fallout from the global coronavirus pandemic has made the provision of pro bono services, especially in litigation, more challenging. This is due to limited interactions between practitioners and clients, reduced court infrastructure owing to the need for social distancing, and a rise in inflation and fuel prices further restricting resources and manpower – particularly affecting rural parts of the country which do not have law firms or courts operating there. Both the private sector and the government have been driven to respond. The Law Association of Zambia’s (“LAZ”) 2022 initiative, the ‘Pro bono Framework Policy for the Provision of Legal Aid by Lawyers’, in partnership with the Legal Aid Board, aims to encourage private practitioners to take up at least one pro bono case annually. In years past, similar initiatives have been launched by LAZ. Unfortunately, the uptake and or conclusion of cases has been low due to pro bono litigation services being unpopular on account of the billable hours lost, the often uncertain duration of litigation and resources expended by law firms. It is hoped that the 2022 initiative will have more positive outcomes.
The Legal Aid Board also has in place a national training scheme for paralegals in Zambia to boost numbers while the National Legal Aid Policy of 2018 has established a more coordinated and institutionalized framework for access to justice. The enactment of the Legal Aid Act of 2021 is another notable achievement. Furthermore, the Ministry of Justice, with support from the German Agency for International Cooperation and the European Union, created an “Access to Justice Program” in various parts of Zambia’s provinces to improve access to justice. Considering these various initiatives, the future of pro bono services in Zambia looks very promising.
